Chapter 1

1. What are the primary colors computers mix to create other colors?
   Red, Green, and Blue.  The combination is known as RGB
   
   
2. What are the primary image types and how do they differ?
   Vector and Bitmap.  Vector images are mathematical equations that describe the shape of an object.  Bitmap images are a pixel by pixel representation of an image.
   
   
3. Color depth is also referred to as?
   Bit Depth
   
   
4. What file types are currently supported by Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer?
   GIF, JPEG, and PNG.

Chapter 2

1. What are the main areas of the Photoshop  workspace?
   The Image Window , Toolbox , Palettes, and Menu.
   
   
2. How is the Option Bar related to the Toolbox ?
   The Options  Bar allows you to adjust any available settings for Tools accessible from the Toolbox.
   
   
3. How do you undock and dock the Palettes?
   {Click} and drag on a Palette’s Tab to either dock or undock it. 
   
   
4. Which Menu  Item will give you access to Photoshop ’s Preferences ?
   Edit
   
   
5. How do you reset your Palette arrangement back to its default setting?
   Select Window/Reset Palette Locations from the Menu.

Chapter 3

1. What are the five key decisions involved in creating a new image?
   Image Name, Image Width and Height, Image Resolution , Image Mode , and Image Contents
   
   
2. Why edit images in 24-bit color depth if ultimately they will be 8-bit images on the Internet?
   If you work in a bit-depth of 8, many of Photoshop ’s advanced features, such as using Filters , resizing images, and re-coloring images are either not available or do not operate effectively.
   
   
3. Why would you use the Magnification /Navigation controls?
   They allow you to edit the small details in an image and zoom in on your image content.
   
   
4. What is a Snapshot  in the History Palette ?
   The Snapshot  is a record of the image complete with all the modifications you have performed on it.
   
   
5. If you delete a History State  with other States below it what happens to those States?
   Nothing, they remain in the History Panel unaffected.

Chapter 4

1. What is the primary function of a Selection?
   To isolate content in your image.
   
   
2. What key do you press and hold to constrain the shape of Selections ?
   The SHIFT key
   
   
3. What Tool or type of Tool must you use to move the Selection Marquee  and not the image data currently within the Marquee?
   Any of the Marquee  Tools will allow you to move a selection without also moving image content.
   
   
4. How does the Magnetic Lasso Tool  determine what part of the image to create a Selection path around?
   It measures the level of contrast along an edge and creates a selection around areas of high contrast.
   
   
5. What effect does Contiguous and Discontiguous have on color based Selections ?
   A Contiguous Selection will select every pixel of the same color in a document while a Discontiguous Selection will only select connected colors of the same color.
   
   
6. Where are Selections  saved too?
   The Channels Palette
   
   
7. There are two types of Channels in Photoshop , they are?
   Color and Alpha

Chapter 5

1. What are the main advantages of Layer ?
   Layers  allow the user to isolate and organize material. 
   
   
2. If a Layer  is titled Background what does this indicate?
   That it is the bottom Layer  in the Stacking order and cannot be edited.
   
   
3. If two Layers  are linked together and you reposition or move one of the linked Layers, does the position of the other Layer  change as well?
   The content on the Layer  will move but the Layer in the Layer’s Panel will not.
   
   
4. What does Locking a Layer ’s pixels do to a Layer?
   It allows you to move the pixel information to other parts of the screen but not edit it.
   
   
5. What are Layer  Styles ?
   Layer  Styles  are combinations of effects that are can be applied to the contents of a Layer.  A typical application for a Layer Style  would be a bevel and drop shadow applied to a button.
   
   
6. How do you place a Layer  inside a Layer Set?
   Create a New Layer  Set by {Clicking} on the New Layer  Set Button  in the Layers  Palette  and drag and drop Layers onto it.
   
   
7. What dialog box allows you to change the color of a Layer  or Layer Set?
   The Layer  Properties Dialog Box
   
   
8. How do you expand and collapse Layer  Sets  and Layer Styles  in the Layers  Palette ?
   Click on the small triangle to the right of the Layer  or Style  Label in the Layers  Palette .

Chapter 6

1. What is the Brushes Palette used for?
   The Brushes Palette allows you to select and edit your brushes.
   
   
2. As you {Click} and hold the mouse button when using the Airbrush Tool  what happens?
   The amount of paint that’s applied increases as you continue to hold down the button.
   
   
3. What does the Rubber Stamp Tool do?
   The Rubber Stamp Tool allows you to paint with pixel content from the same or a different image.  Select an area of the image to duplicate or clone by {Alt/Option-Clicking} the area you wish to duplicate.  
   
   
4. How do you create Custom Gradients ?
   Access the Gradient Editor  by {Double Clicking} on the Gradient Preview in the Options  Bar. 
   
   
5. What are Filters ?
   Filters  are a set of pre-set special effects that you apply to entire images.
   
   
6. What is the Histogram?
   The Histogram represents the pixels of an image in graph form.  It charts how many pixels an image contains and their distribution in terms of dark tones to bright tones.
   
   
7. In Photoshop , tones are divided into three categories, they are?
   Shadows, Midtones, and Highlights.
   
   
8. What advantage do Curves  have over Levels  when editing image tone?
   Curves  are very similar to Levels  in that you adjust the Shadows (Black Point), Midtones (Medium Point), and Highlights (White Point), except you do so with a curve to which you can add points to for increased accuracy.
   
   
9. What does the Threshold command do?
   Use Threshold on the current image, Layer , or selection to convert all pixels to either black or white. 

Chapter 7

1. What does an Anchor Point do?
   An Anchor Point connects 2 Line Segments, in a Path  or Shape , together.  They are major reference points that help define the shape of the object.
   
   
2. What does a Direction Line do?
   A Direction Line allows for curvature in a Line Segment .  The user can adjust the length of a Direction Line and the smoothness of the curve that it is attached to will be affected.
   
   
3. Can the Pen Tool  be used to draw Shapes?  If so, how?
   Yes.  Select the Pen Tool  and {Click} on the Create New Shape  Layer  Button  in the Options  Bar.
   
   
4. How do you subtract one Shape  from another?
   Draw the Original Shape , {Click} on the Subtract from Shape  Area button in the Options  Bar, and draw the Shape that you want to use to subtract material from the original.
   
   
5. What is the difference between a collection of Shapes on a Shape  Layer  and a combined Shape?
   A combined Shape  is a single Path  whereas a collection of Shapes on a Shape Layer  is made up of multiple Paths .
   
   
6. How do you increase the number of sides in a Polygonal Shape ?
   Select the Polygon Tool  and increase the number of sides in the Sides field in the Option Bar.
   
   
7. What type of effects can be used to make up a Layer  Style ?
   Any of the effects available from the drop down menu at the bottom of the Layers  Palette  can be used to make a Style .
   
   
8. How do you add a Drop Shadow  to a Shape ?
   Select the Shape  Layer  in the Layers  Palette  and then select Drop Shadow  from the from the Layer Styles  drop down menu at the bottom of the Palette.
   
   
9. How do you create a New Style  and how would you access it if you needed to use it sometime in the future?
   Select the Shape  Layer  with the effects combination that you’d like to save as a Style  and then select New Style from the Style Palette.  The Style will appear as a thumbnail in the Styles  Palette  for future application.

Chapter 8

1. When would you use JPEG compression instead of GIF compression?
   When you want to optimize a photographic image that uses a complex color palette
   
   
2. Why is it a good idea to save a native Photoshop  version of your image?
   It makes it much easier to make changes to your design if the need arises at some future date.
   
   
3. Company Logos are usually created as bitmaps or vectors?
   Vectors.  They are usually illustrations consisting of solid blocks of color.
   
   
4. Why would you want to use the Web Palette for 8-bit images?
   Using the Web Palette guarantees that anybody, on any platform, can see your images the way that you intended them to be seen.

Chapter 9

1. What are the typical dimensions of a standard Banner?
   468 x 60
   
   
2. What bit depth is most common to standard Banners?
   8-bit - 256 color palette
   
   
3. When previewing your GIF animation why should you look at it in a browser?
   ImageReady doesn't playback your animations at their true speed
   
   
4. How do you modify the contents of a Frame in your GIF animation?
   Edit, position, or create content in the Layers  Palette
   

Chapter 10

1. What ImageReady Tool is best suited to creating common button shapes?
   The Shape Tool
   
   
2. In addition to generating HTML, what other scripting language does ImageReady generate when you create Rollovers?
   Javascript
   
   
3. How do you modify the image content in a Rollover State?
   Adjust the visibility and positioning of content in the Layers  Palette .
   
   
4. What purpose does the Styles  Palette  serve?
   The Styles  Palette  allows you to add effects to shapes on your Layers .  You can use it, for example, to add a drop shadow to a button.

Chapter 11

1. What are the advantages of using a Navigation Bar ?
   A Navigation Bar  allows the user to quickly and easily navigate their way around your website.  A Navigation Bar can also be used on multiple pages with the designer only having to create the original once.
   
   
2. What do Slices  do in ImageReady?
   Slices  divide your image up into pieces.  These pieces can then be exported into an HTML table with Javascript Rollovers and Image Map information.
   
   
3. There are two types of Slices , they are?
   Image Slices  and Text Slices.
   
   
4. What are the advantages of using an image divided into sections by a Table rather than using an Image Map for the entire image?
   A document that has been cut up into pieces will load more quickly than one large image.  An image that has been divided up and placed in a table can also have Javascript Rollovers applied to it.
   
   
5. List and explain 2 separate means of creating a “Hotspot ”
   The Image Map Tool can be used to draw Hotspots directly into a document while the Layer  Menu  can be used to place precise Hotspots on top of existing Layer content.
   
   
6. List and explain 2 separate means of adjusting the positioning and size of a “Hotspot ”
   Use the Image Map Select Tool  to select, resize, and reposition your Hotspot  in the image itself.  Use the Options  Bar to numerically adjust your selected Hotspot.

Chapter 12

1. What is the maximum recommended width for a web page designed for viewers at 640x480 pixels?
   600x400
   
   
2. How do you optimize different areas of an image with different Optimization  settings?
   Select individual slices with the Slice Select Tool  and adjust the Optimization  settings in the Optimization Palette.
   
   
3. What are Spacer GIFs?
   Spacer GIFs fill empty cells in your Layout and exist to maintain the integrity of your layout when exported as an HTML document.
   
   
4. Define Auto-Slice
   An Auto-Slice is any Slice that you have not drawn yourself with the Slice Tool .  Many Slices  are created when just one Slice is drawn on a document.
   
   
5. Where do you input HTML tags and text content in ImageReady?
   In the Slice Palette.